Knowledge Center

Information

CARDIAC

Cardiac Markers: substances released into the blood when the heart is damaged or stressed; used to diagnose various cardiac conditions

Congestive Heart Failure: weakened heart processes that lead to the buildup of fluid in the lungs and surrounding body tissues

N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP): peptides used to help detect, diagnose, and evaluate the severity of heart failure

COAGULATION

Clot: a thick mass of coagulated blood

Hemoglobin: a protein of red blood cells containing iron and responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body and returning CO2 from body tissue back to the lungs

Prothrombin Time: a protein present in blood plasma that is converted into active thrombin during the normal clotting of blood

Thromboplastin: an enzyme

Hematocrit: the ratio of red blood cells to the total volume of blood, typically measured through centrifugation

COLORECTAL CANCER

Colitis: a disease caused by the inflammation or formation of ulcers in the colon’s inner lining

Diverticulitis: a condition developed when there is an inflammation of abnormal pouches found along the wall of the digestive tract

iFOBT (Immunological Fecal Occult Blood Test): a test that checks for hidden blood in stool

Colon Polyps: a small clump of cells that form along the lining of the colon; can become harmful over time and develop into cancer when found in later stages

CHOLESTEROL & GLUCOSE TESTING

Triglycerides: the main constituents of fats and oils in the blood; high levels can raise the risk of heart disease

Total Cholesterol: the total amount of cholesterol found in the blood, containing low density and high density lipoproteins

Glucose: a sugar derived from food that serves as a primary source of energy in the body

DRUGS OF ABUSE

Amphetamine (AMP): a synthetic, addictive, mood-altering drug used illegally as a stimulant and legally as a drug to treat those with ADD or narcolepsy.

Barbiturate (BAR): a drug that acts a central nervous system depressant, commonly prescribed for anxiety and sleep disorders.

Benzodiazepine (BZO): a class of psychoactive drugs primarily used as tranquilizers, used commonly for the treatment.

Buprenorphine (BUP): a prescription medication used to relieve the symptoms of opiate withdrawal for those recovering from heroin addiction.

Cocaine (COC):  an addictive substance derived from coca or prepared synthetically; widely used as an illegal stimulant.

Cotinine: an alkaloid found in tobacco.

Ecstasy (MDMA): a derivative of amphetamine, used illegally as a stimulant to alter mood and perception.

Marijuana (THC): drug made from the dried leaves of a cannabis plant, used to produce euphoric experiences.

Methadone (MTD): a synthetic addictive drug used as a pain killer or as a heroin substitute for those recovering from heroin addiction.

Methamphetamine (MET): a synthetic drug used illegally as a stimulant and as a prescription drug to treat narcolepsy and maintain blood pressure.

Opiates (OPI): a derivative of opium, or sometimes containing opium, used as a sedative or pain reliever.

Oxycodone (OXY): a synthetic drug similar to morphine in its sedative effects and subject to abuse and addiction.

Phencyclidine (PCP): a synthetic compound derived from piperidine, used as a veterinary anesthetic or hallucinogenic drug.

Propoxyphene (PPX): a synthetic compound chemically related to methadone and used as a mild narcotic painkiller.

Tricyclic (TCA): a group of drugs primarily used as antidepressants.

HYPOTHYROIDISM

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, used to instruct the thyroid to regulate the production of thyroid hormones

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Etiologic Agents: a chemical, biological, or physical microbial toxin that causes disease in humans

Gastritis: a condition caused by the inflammation of the stomach lining

Glomerulonephritis: an acute inflammation of the kidney, usually caused by an immune response

H. pylori: a bacterium that causes the production of ulcers in the stomach and inflammation in the stomach’s lining

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) the smallest most common antibodies found within the body

Mononucleosis: an infection caused by the Epstein – Barr virus (EBV), where there is a presence of an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes

Streptococcal: relating to Streptococcus, a bacterium known to cause various infections such as scarlet fever and pneumonia

PREGNANCY & FERTILITY

Amniotic: relating to the amnion, the thin membrane formed around the embryos and fetus

Prenatal Screening: a genetic test used to evaluate the fetus and screen for genetic abnormalities or congenital diseases

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): a hormone produced in the placenta and is secreted during the early stages of pregnancy

URINALYSIS

Bilirubin: an orange- yellow substance formed during the breakdown of red blood cells, that is excreted out of the body in bile

Ketone: a chemical substance the body produces when the blood does not have enough insulin

Leukocytes: white blood cells circulating throughout the body meant to counteract infectious substances and disease

Nitrite: a group of compounds derived from nitrous acid

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